15 Oldest Subway Systems in the World

Subway systems have become an essential part of urban life, providing efficient and reliable transportation in bustling cities around the world. While many subway networks are relatively modern, some have a rich history that dates back over a century. The oldest subway systems, still in operation today, are not only impressive feats of engineering but also vital cultural landmarks. From the world’s first underground train in London to the historic lines in cities like Paris, Budapest, and New York, these early subways helped shape the way we travel in cities. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at the 15 oldest subway systems in the world, exploring their history, unique features, and lasting impact on urban mobility.

London Underground (UK)

Opened in 1863, the London Underground is the oldest subway system in the world. It began as a steam-powered line, initially called the Metropolitan Railway, connecting just a small part of London. Today, it boasts over 270 stations and spans more than 250 miles. The system operates with electric trains, a far cry from its early steam engines. Its iconic roundel logo and famous “Mind the Gap” announcement make it a cultural landmark. Despite numerous expansions and technological upgrades, the original tunnels still exist, including parts of the Central Line. This makes the London Underground both historically significant and operationally modern.

Budapest Metro (Hungary)

Opened in 1896, the Budapest Metro holds the title of being the second oldest in the world. The M1 Line, known as the Yellow Line, still operates today, retaining much of its original charm. The line was initially constructed to celebrate the 1000th anniversary of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin. It runs under Andrássy Avenue, a UNESCO World Heritage site, which adds to its historical significance. Over time, the system has expanded to include four lines, making it a vital part of the city’s infrastructure. The Budapest Metro is also known for its classic, old-world station designs. It successfully combines old and new technologies, preserving a link to the past while serving modern commuters.

Paris Métro (France)

Inaugurated in 1900, the Paris Métro is one of the most famous subway systems in the world. It was designed by engineer Fulgence Bienvenüe and is known for its distinctive Art Nouveau entrances. The Métro initially opened with just 9 miles of track and now covers over 130 miles. It has 16 lines, serving millions of passengers daily. The Paris Métro is famous for its dense network, connecting even the most remote parts of the city. Many stations feature decorative tiles and vintage signage, offering a glimpse into the past. Despite modernization, the Métro remains a symbol of Parisian history and culture.

New York City Subway (USA)

The New York City Subway, which began service in 1904, is the largest and one of the busiest systems in the world. The first line, operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company (IRT), ran from City Hall to 145th Street. Today, it operates 472 stations across four boroughs, serving over 5 million passengers daily. The system features 24-hour service, making it a lifeline for the city’s residents. Originally built as an underground system, the subway network now includes elevated tracks and surface lines. Over the years, the system has been modernized with updates like digital maps and automated ticketing. Its legacy and influence on urban transport globally remain unmatched.

Glasgow Subway (Scotland)

The Glasgow Subway, which opened in 1896, is one of the oldest systems in the UK. It began as the Glasgow District Subway, initially designed to relieve congestion on the city’s streets. The original system, built with a circular route, remains in operation today. Despite being smaller than other systems, it still carries thousands of passengers daily. The system’s trains are unique for their round shape and narrow tunnels, making the ride an interesting experience. Glasgow’s subway was the first in the world to adopt the electric traction system. In recent years, it has undergone extensive renovations, ensuring its continued relevance in the modern urban landscape.

Berlin U-Bahn (Germany)

The Berlin U-Bahn, which began operations in 1902, is one of the oldest and most well-known subway systems in Germany. The original route connected Potsdamer Platz to the Zoologischer Garten. The system has since grown to include 10 lines, covering a network of nearly 80 miles. During World War II, many stations were damaged, but the system quickly recovered and expanded during the post-war period. After the reunification of Germany in 1990, the U-Bahn was further integrated with the S-Bahn and regional services. Known for its punctuality and frequency, the U-Bahn is a key component of daily life in Berlin. It is also recognized for its unique station architecture, which combines historical designs with modern elements.

Madrid Metro (Spain)

The Madrid Metro, inaugurated in 1919, is Spain’s oldest subway system. The first line stretched just 3.5 miles, connecting Cuatro Caminos to Sol, but it has since expanded to more than 200 miles of track. Today, it is the second-largest metro system in Europe, serving over 600 million passengers annually. The system features 12 lines and is renowned for its cleanliness and efficiency. Madrid’s metro stations are often equipped with art exhibitions and murals, showcasing the city’s cultural heritage. Over the years, it has undergone extensive modernization, with newer, more energy-efficient trains. The metro is a vital part of Madrid’s public transport network and a key to its environmental sustainability efforts.

Tokyo Metro (Japan)

The Tokyo Metro, which began in 1927, is one of the most advanced subway systems in the world. It started with just two lines and now features nine lines, covering more than 100 miles. The system operates with extraordinary precision, with trains arriving every few minutes. Tokyo’s metro stations are equipped with signs in multiple languages, accommodating millions of international travelers annually. The network is known for its high-speed trains, cleanliness, and safety. Tokyo Metro has also pioneered technologies such as automated ticketing and train positioning systems. Despite its modernity, the system continues to respect Japan’s tradition of punctuality and attention to detail.

Moscow Metro (Russia)

The Moscow Metro, opened in 1935, is one of the most elaborate and ornate subway systems in the world. It was designed to showcase the power and grandeur of the Soviet Union, with many stations featuring intricate mosaics, sculptures, and chandeliers. The original system had just one line, but today it spans 200 miles, with 15 lines serving millions of passengers each day. The Moscow Metro is known for its efficiency, with trains arriving every 90 seconds during peak hours. In recent years, it has undergone substantial expansion, with new stations and modern trains. The system is also famous for its deep stations, some of which are among the deepest in the world. Its iconic, historical stations remain an attraction for tourists and locals alike.

Chicago “L” (USA)

Chicago’s “L” system, which began service in 1892, is unique for being one of the first elevated rail systems in the U.S. Its first line ran along the city’s Loop, which remains a key feature of the system today. The “L” has grown significantly since its inception, with eight lines and more than 100 stations serving the city and suburbs. The elevated tracks give passengers scenic views of Chicago’s skyline and neighborhoods. The system operates around the clock and has been recognized for its safety and efficiency. Despite modernization, the “L” has retained much of its early charm, with vintage stations still in use. It remains a beloved part of Chicago’s transportation and cultural identity.

San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) (USA)

The BART system, which opened in 1972, is one of the oldest and most influential rapid transit networks in the San Francisco Bay Area. It started as a solution to the region’s growing traffic problems. The system features five lines that connect major cities, including Oakland, Berkeley, and San Francisco. Known for its expansive reach, BART bridges multiple counties with over 100 stations. The trains run frequently during peak hours, providing a reliable alternative to driving. BART has consistently upgraded its technology, including the implementation of contactless fare systems and newer, more efficient trains. It plays a crucial role in reducing congestion and supporting sustainable transit.

Copenhagen Metro (Denmark)

The Copenhagen Metro, which opened in 2002, is one of the newest systems on this list, but it is also among the most innovative. The city initially developed the system to alleviate traffic congestion, connecting suburban areas to the central business district. The fully automated trains are known for their punctuality and quiet operation. Over the years, the metro network has expanded to include four lines and over 30 stations. The system is recognized for its environmentally friendly design, running on renewable energy. Many stations feature modern, sleek designs, reflecting Copenhagen’s commitment to sustainability. The metro is a popular choice for locals and tourists, offering easy access to key attractions.

Hong Kong MTR (China)

The Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) began operation in 1979 and has since become a model of urban transport efficiency. Initially, it consisted of just one line, but now it includes 11 lines covering the entire city. MTR trains are famous for their punctuality and cleanliness, with frequent arrivals during peak hours. The system’s design integrates seamlessly with other modes of public transport, such as buses and ferries. It is a key player in Hong Kong’s fast-paced lifestyle, carrying millions of passengers daily. Modern stations often feature retail shops and restaurants, offering added convenience for commuters. The MTR has become a vital part of Hong Kong’s infrastructure and identity.

Seoul Metropolitan Subway (South Korea)

The Seoul Metropolitan Subway began operations in 1974 with Line 1, connecting the city center to suburban areas. It has since expanded to 23 lines, covering an impressive 500 miles of track. Known for its high-tech features, the subway system includes digital screens, free Wi-Fi, and advanced ticketing systems. The Seoul Metro is highly regarded for its punctuality and cleanliness. It also offers seamless transfers with the city’s extensive bus network. The system is known for being one of the most affordable subways in the world. Today, it is a vital part of daily life for Seoul’s 10 million residents, serving millions of commuters every day.

Los Angeles Metro (USA)

The Los Angeles Metro Rail system opened its first line in 1990, although it had been in the planning stages since the 1980s. Unlike many other metro systems, the L.A. Metro includes both subway and light rail lines, with a significant portion of its track running above ground. The system now serves more than 100 miles of track, connecting diverse neighborhoods across the city. The L.A. Metro is part of an ongoing effort to reduce the city’s dependence on cars, with future expansion plans to make it more accessible. Known for its accessibility and eco-friendly trains, the system continues to grow as part of the city’s push for sustainable transit options. It is also famous for its artwork, with murals and other cultural features decorating many stations. Despite being relatively young compared to older cities, it’s quickly becoming an essential part of Los Angeles’ transport infrastructure.

This article originally appeared on Rarest.org.

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