10 Oldest Castles in the World

Castles are some of the most enduring symbols of history, offering a glimpse into the past through their architecture and stories. These ancient fortresses have witnessed the rise and fall of empires, serving as both military strongholds and royal residences. The oldest ones in the world stand as remarkable testaments to human craftsmanship and strategic design, spanning different regions and cultures. These structures continue to captivate visitors with their historical significance and architectural beauty.

Byblos Castle

Byblos Castle in Lebanon was built in 1103 by the Crusaders. Constructed with large limestone blocks and remnants of Roman structures, it was designed as a defensive stronghold during the Crusader period. It covers approximately 26,910 square feet. Located near significant archaeological sites like the ancient temples of Baalat Gebal and the Temple of the Obelisks, it played a key role in the defense of the Crusader state of Tripoli. It later came under the control of the Genoese Embriaco family. Today, it has been converted into a museum showcasing artifacts from various historical periods. Visitors can explore its well-preserved courtyards and towers, gaining insight into both Crusader and Phoenician history.

Rochester Castle

Rochester Castle, located in Kent, England, was constructed in 1087 at the request of William II. It spans around 10,764 square feet, and it was strategically built to control an important river crossing, making it a vital military stronghold. It is known for its tall stone keep, one of the best-preserved in Europe. Over the centuries, it has undergone multiple restorations and today is managed by English Heritage. Despite enduring sieges, the keep remains remarkably intact and is considered one of the finest examples of Norman military architecture. Visitors can tour its grounds, learning about its role in medieval England, and explore the towering keep, which offers a stunning view of the surrounding area.

Cardiff Castle

Cardiff Castle, located in Wales, was originally built in 1081 by Norman invaders atop an old Roman fort. Initially constructed with a motte-and-bailey design, it was further expanded in the following centuries, incorporating a Norman keep and later, a Gothic Revival mansion in the 19th century. Over time, it became a symbol of power in the region, serving both military and residential functions. It covers about approximately 435,600 square feet and has undergone several modifications, blending medieval architecture with Victorian elements. Today, it stands as a major cultural and historical site in Wales, offering visitors the opportunity to explore its grand halls and grounds. It also hosts various events and festivals, making it a central part of Cardiff’s modern life.

Hohenwerfen Castle

Hohenwerfen Castle, located in Austria, was built between 1075 and 1078 under the supervision of Archbishop Gebhard of Salzburg. Initially a military outpost, it also served as a prison during its long history. It spans an area of approximately 47,361 square feet, and it’s situated above the Salzach River, the castle offers stunning views of the surrounding mountains and valley. Today, it is known for its falconry demonstrations and as a popular tourist attraction. It has been well-preserved and offers visitors a glimpse into the military architecture of medieval Europe.

Hohensalzburg Castle

Hohensalzburg Castle in Salzburg, Austria, was begun in 1077 by Archbishop Gebhard I. Although Gebhard was exiled before it was completed, the fortress was finished by his successors and later expanded during the 16th century. Today, it is one of the largest medieval castles in Europe, covering 581,251 square feet. It played a critical role in regional defense during the reign of the Holy Roman Empire and has since become a major tourist attraction, offering panoramic views of the city and surrounding Alps. It is also home to a small museum displaying historical artifacts from its rich past.

Windsor Castle

Windsor Castle, one of the most iconic castles in the world, was originally built in 1070 by William the Conqueror. Located in Berkshire, England, it remains the longest-occupied royal residence in Europe. Over the centuries, it has been expanded and renovated to reflect various architectural styles, including Gothic, Georgian, and Victorian elements. Spanning approximately 484,000 square feet, it continues to serve as a royal residence and is a major site for state functions. Visitors can explore its luxurious interiors and the famed St. George’s Chapel.

Reichsburg Cochem

Reichsburg Cochem in Germany was originally built in 1000 by Count Ezzo of the Palatinate, and it occupies an area of approximately 19,375 square feet. It was severely damaged in 1688 by French troops but was later restored in the Gothic Revival style in the 19th century by a wealthy businessman. Standing 100 meters above the Moselle River, the castle offers panoramic views of the surrounding region. Today, it is owned by the town of Cochem and remains a popular tourist attraction. In addition to its historical significance, it hosts a variety of cultural events, including medieval banquets and festivals, which attract visitors from around the world.

Château de Doué-la-Fontaine

The Château de Doué-la-Fontaine, located in France, was constructed in 950 CE, making it one of the oldest stone fortresses in Europe. Built on the remains of a Carolingian aula, it served as a defensive structure during the early Middle Ages. The castle spans about 9,688 square feet, and although much of the original structure has been lost, portions of the aula and some remnants of the structure remain intact for visitors to explore. The site offers a glimpse into early medieval architecture and the transition from wooden to stone fortifications.

Prague Castle

Prague Castle, constructed around 880 CE, is located in the Czech Republic and holds the title of the largest ancient castle in the world, covering approximately 750,000 square feet. It has served as the seat of power for Bohemian kings, Holy Roman emperors, and Czech presidents. The complex features a mixture of architectural styles, including Gothic, Baroque, and Romanesque. It remains one of the most visited historical sites in the country, attracting millions of tourists each year. It also houses important cultural institutions, such as the Czech Crown Jewels and St. Vitus Cathedral, making it a center for both history and art.

Citadel of Aleppo

The Citadel of Aleppo in Syria is one of the oldest continuously inhabited castles, dating back to approximately 3000 BCE. The entire site covers around 1,075,000 square feet, and the structure stands 50 meters high on a hill in the center of Aleppo and has been a strategic fortress for various civilizations over millennia. It has been heavily damaged due to recent conflicts and natural disasters, but restoration efforts have been made to preserve its historical significance. The citadel is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and remains one of the most important landmarks in Syria.

This article originally appeared on Rarest.org.

More from Rarest.org

10 Biggest Insects in the World

Insects come in all shapes and sizes, but some truly stand out for their massive proportions. From towering beetles to enormous butterflies, these insects are not only impressive in size but also play important roles in their ecosystems. Read More.

Sometimes, the most powerful photography techniques are the ones that get overlooked. While popular methods like perfect lighting and composition often steal the spotlight, there are many underrated tricks that can take your shots to the next level. Read More.

High mountain ranges across the world are home to some of the planet’s most unique and elusive wildlife. These animals have evolved to survive in extreme conditions, from frigid temperatures to low oxygen levels. Read More.