Zoos have long been a window into the natural world, offering visitors the chance to connect with wildlife while learning about conservation and biodiversity. Among the thousands of zoos worldwide, a few stand out for their rich history and lasting legacy. These historic institutions, some dating back to the 18th century, have evolved from royal menageries to modern centers of education and preservation. Each tells a unique story about humanity’s relationship with animals, blending tradition and progress. Let’s explore some of the oldest zoos in the world and uncover what makes them so remarkable.
Tiergarten Schönbrunn (1752)
Tiergarten Schönbrunn, established in 1752 in Vienna, Austria, holds the title of the world’s oldest zoo still in operation. Located within the Schönbrunn Palace grounds, this UNESCO World Heritage Site spans approximately 42 acres. Initially founded as an imperial menagerie, it transitioned into a public zoo in 1779. Today, it is home to over 700 species and around 8,500 animals, ranging from giant pandas to polar bears. Its combination of Baroque architecture, modern enclosures, and cutting-edge conservation programs makes it a treasure for visitors and researchers alike. Tiergarten Schönbrunn continues to set a benchmark for animal welfare and educational initiatives.
Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes (1794)
Nestled in the heart of Paris, the Ménagerie du Jardin des Plantes was established in 1794 during the French Revolution, making it one of the world’s oldest zoos. It occupies a relatively modest 14.5 acres within the botanical gardens of Jardin des Plantes. Initially, the zoo provided refuge for animals rescued from aristocratic menageries. Today, it houses around 200 species, including endangered creatures like the red panda and Przewalski’s horse. The Ménagerie is renowned for its historical architecture, including 19th-century animal enclosures, and its commitment to conserving small, lesser-known species. It offers a uniquely intimate and historic zoo experience.
ZSL London Zoo (1828)
Founded in 1828, ZSL London Zoo is the world’s first scientific zoo, located in the heart of Regent’s Park in London. The zoo covers approximately 36 acres and houses over 19,000 animals from 400 species. Its history includes numerous firsts, such as the opening of the world’s first reptile house in 1849 and aquarium in 1853. The zoo plays a vital role in conservation and education, operating under the Zoological Society of London. Highlights include the Land of the Lions exhibit and Penguin Beach. ZSL London Zoo continues to inspire visitors with its innovative approach to wildlife preservation.
Dublin Zoo (1831)
Dublin Zoo, established in 1831, is Ireland’s largest and most historic zoo, covering 69 acres in the heart of Phoenix Park. Originally called the Zoological Gardens, it began with a collection of just 46 animals donated by London Zoo. Today, it is home to over 400 animals from 100 species, including Asian elephants and western lowland gorillas. The zoo emphasizes conservation, with notable efforts to protect endangered species. Divided into themed areas like the African Savanna and the Kaziranga Forest Trail, Dublin Zoo offers an immersive and educational experience that attracts over a million visitors annually.
Antwerp Zoo (1843)
Founded in 1843, Antwerp Zoo is Belgium’s oldest zoo and one of the most prominent zoological institutions in Europe. It is located in the city center, adjacent to Antwerp Central Station, and spans 26 acres. The zoo houses more than 5,000 animals from over 950 species, including bonobos and okapis. Antwerp Zoo is celebrated for its stunning 19th-century architecture and lush gardens. It also operates a sister park, Planckendael, focused on conservation. This historic zoo remains a cornerstone of wildlife preservation, offering both locals and tourists a chance to experience its remarkable animal collection.
Berlin Zoological Garden (1844)
The Berlin Zoological Garden, opened in 1844, is Germany’s oldest zoo and one of the most biodiverse in the world. Located in Tiergarten Park, it spans 86 acres and boasts over 20,000 animals from nearly 1,400 species. The zoo was extensively rebuilt after World War II, having been nearly destroyed during the conflict. Today, it is known for its iconic Elephant Gate entrance and world-class enclosures. Visitors flock to see its giant pandas, polar bears, and vast aquarium. Berlin Zoo continues to be a leader in animal care and conservation research, drawing millions of visitors annually.
Melbourne Zoo (1862)
Established in 1862, Melbourne Zoo is Australia’s oldest and one of the most beloved zoos, located just minutes from Melbourne’s city center. It occupies 55 acres and houses over 320 species, ranging from native wildlife like kangaroos and koalas to exotic animals such as orangutans and tigers. The zoo is renowned for its innovative exhibits, including the award-winning Trail of the Elephants. Melbourne Zoo also plays a crucial role in conservation, participating in breeding programs for endangered species like the Lord Howe Island stick insect. Its lush, botanical setting makes it a must-visit for wildlife enthusiasts.
Philadelphia Zoo (1874)
Opened in 1874, the Philadelphia Zoo holds the distinction of being the first zoo in the United States. Located on 42 acres in the Fairmount Park area of Philadelphia, it is home to over 1,300 animals representing more than 340 species. The zoo features historic Victorian architecture alongside innovative exhibits like Zoo360, a network of animal exploration trails. It has played a pivotal role in conservation, particularly in breeding endangered species. Its blend of history and forward-thinking design makes it a beloved institution for visitors and an essential part of global wildlife preservation efforts.
Frankfurt Zoological Garden (1858)
Established in 1858, Frankfurt Zoological Garden is one of the oldest and most renowned zoos in Europe. Spanning 27 acres in the heart of Frankfurt, it houses over 4,500 animals across 500 species. The zoo gained prominence under the directorship of Bernhard Grzimek, a conservation pioneer. Modern attractions like the Borgori Forest for primates blend seamlessly with its historical charm. Frankfurt Zoo is celebrated for its commitment to education and its efforts in breeding endangered species like Sumatran tigers. Despite its urban setting, it offers a tranquil escape and an immersive wildlife experience.
Prague Zoo (1931)
Opened in 1931, Prague Zoo is a relatively modern addition to this list but has quickly earned a reputation as one of the best zoos globally. Covering 140 acres in a scenic setting along the Vltava River, it features over 5,000 animals from 680 species. The zoo is known for its unique geological terrain, which allows for innovative enclosures like the award-winning Indonesian Jungle. It has made significant contributions to conservation, particularly in breeding the endangered Przewalski’s horse. Prague Zoo combines cutting-edge facilities with natural beauty, making it a must-visit destination in the Czech capital.
Moscow Zoo (1864)
Founded in 1864, the Moscow Zoo is Russia’s oldest and one of its most visited zoological parks. Located in the heart of Moscow, the zoo spans 53 acres and is home to over 8,000 animals representing 1,000 species. The zoo features a mix of historic buildings and modern enclosures, including the popular Big Cats Pavilion and the Primates House. It has a strong focus on conservation and education, partnering with global initiatives to protect endangered species. The Moscow Zoo remains an iconic destination for locals and tourists alike, offering a glimpse into the diversity of life on Earth.
Wrocław Zoo (1865)
Established in 1865, Wrocław Zoo is Poland’s oldest zoo and one of its largest, covering an impressive 82 acres. Located in the vibrant city of Wrocław, it is home to over 10,500 animals from nearly 1,100 species, making it one of Europe’s most biodiverse zoos. Its Africarium, an aquarium dedicated to African ecosystems, is a standout feature. The zoo balances its historical significance with a focus on modern conservation and education efforts. With its diverse collection and state-of-the-art exhibits, Wrocław Zoo continues to inspire visitors and contribute to global wildlife protection.
Budapest Zoo (1866)
Budapest Zoo, founded in 1866, is Hungary’s oldest and most historic zoo. Located on 18 acres in the heart of Budapest’s City Park, it houses over 1,000 species and 10,000 animals. The zoo’s Art Nouveau architecture, including the iconic Elephant House, sets it apart from other zoological parks. Despite its relatively small size, it offers an impressive variety of exhibits, from exotic creatures to domestic Hungarian species. Budapest Zoo is a leader in breeding and conserving endangered animals, making it both a cultural and ecological treasure.
Edinburgh Zoo (1913)
Edinburgh Zoo, established in 1913, is Scotland’s most famous wildlife park and occupies 82 acres on Corstorphine Hill. It is home to over 1,000 animals from 200 species, including its most famous residents, the giant pandas. The zoo is known for its unique hillside location, which provides breathtaking views and naturalistic enclosures. It is a pioneer in wildlife conservation, particularly through its work with the Royal Zoological Society of Scotland. Edinburgh Zoo’s focus on education and sustainability makes it a key destination for animal lovers and conservationists alike.
Lisbon Zoo (1884)
The Lisbon Zoo, established in 1884, is one of Portugal’s most cherished cultural landmarks. Located in the heart of Lisbon, the zoo spans approximately 50 acres and houses over 2,000 animals representing 300 species. Its iconic cable car provides a bird’s-eye view of the lush enclosures and diverse wildlife. Lisbon Zoo is renowned for its conservation efforts, including breeding programs for endangered species like Iberian wolves. With attractions such as the Dolphin Bay and Reptile House, the zoo offers a perfect balance of entertainment, education, and preservation.
Copenhagen Zoo (1859)
Founded in 1859, Copenhagen Zoo is one of Europe’s oldest and most visited zoos. Covering 27 acres in Frederiksberg, a district of Copenhagen, the zoo is home to over 4,000 animals from 264 species. It is famous for its iconic Elephant House, designed by architect Sir Norman Foster, and its immersive Arctic Ring exhibit featuring polar bears. Copenhagen Zoo has long been a leader in conservation, focusing on endangered species such as Tasmanian devils. Its combination of historical charm and cutting-edge exhibits ensures its continued appeal to visitors worldwide.
Cologne Zoological Garden (1860)
The Cologne Zoological Garden, established in 1860, is one of Germany’s oldest zoos and a centerpiece of the city’s cultural and scientific heritage. Spanning 49 acres, it houses more than 10,000 animals representing over 850 species. Highlights include the Aquarium, the Rainforest House, and the historic Elephant Park, which blends 19th-century architecture with modern care facilities. The zoo’s dedication to conservation is evident in its breeding programs for endangered species such as okapis and golden lion tamarins. Its rich history and innovative approach make Cologne Zoo a vital part of global wildlife preservation efforts.
Basel Zoo (1874)
Opened in 1874, Basel Zoo, affectionately known as “Zolli,” is Switzerland’s oldest and most prestigious zoo. Located in the city center, it spans 32 acres and is home to more than 7,000 animals from over 600 species. The zoo is celebrated for its successful breeding programs, particularly for cheetahs and Indian rhinoceroses. Basel Zoo combines its historical significance with modern exhibits, including the vivarium and the Etoscha House, which showcases African wildlife. It remains a symbol of Switzerland’s commitment to animal care and biodiversity conservation.
Bronx Zoo (1899)
The Bronx Zoo, established in 1899, is one of the largest and most famous zoos in the world. Located in the Bronx borough of New York City, it spans a massive 265 acres and is home to over 10,000 animals from 700 species. Known for its groundbreaking exhibits like the Congo Gorilla Forest and the Tiger Mountain, the zoo emphasizes creating naturalistic habitats. It is operated by the Wildlife Conservation Society and plays a vital role in global conservation efforts. The Bronx Zoo’s scale, innovation, and mission make it a landmark institution in wildlife preservation.
Amsterdam Royal Artis Zoo (1838)
Amsterdam Royal Artis Zoo, founded in 1838, is the oldest zoo in the Netherlands and one of Europe’s most historic zoos. Located in the center of Amsterdam, it spans 32 acres and houses around 900 species of animals and an extensive botanical garden. Artis is known for its historical architecture, including the Aquarium, Planetarium, and the Zoological Museum. It also supports significant conservation initiatives, particularly for tropical and marine life. The zoo offers a tranquil oasis in the bustling city while providing a rich educational experience for visitors of all ages.
This article originally appeared on Rarest.org.
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