Some U.S. capitals hold stories that reach back through centuries, offering a glimpse into the nation’s roots. These cities have seen the country grow from early colonies to the bustling states they represent today. Each became a capital at a unique point in American history, often chosen for its strategic location, economic strength, or cultural significance. Join us in exploring the oldest U.S. capitals, where history is still alive in every corner.
Santa Fe, New Mexico
Santa Fe, New Mexico, stands as the oldest capital city in the United States, established as a capital in 1610. Founded by Spanish colonists led by Pedro de Peralta, it has deep roots in Native American and Hispanic culture. The city covers an area of approximately 37 square miles, nestled in the foothills of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. With a current population of around 88,000, Santa Fe combines historical architecture with a vibrant arts scene. Each street reflects its multicultural legacy. Known as “The City Different,” it holds an unmistakable charm and enduring spirit. Today, it remains a center of history, art, and diverse traditions.
Annapolis, Maryland
Annapolis became the capital of Maryland in 1695, selected for its ideal location along the Chesapeake Bay. Founded in 1649 by Puritan settlers from Virginia, it has grown into a city that celebrates its colonial past. Annapolis covers an area of about 8.1 square miles, filled with historical buildings and narrow streets. The city has a current population of approximately 41,000, maintaining a cozy yet lively atmosphere. Known as America’s sailing capital, it blends its maritime heritage with modern charm. Historic buildings, like the Maryland State House, stand as reminders of its colonial history. Each year, visitors flock to see the beautiful waterfront and naval landmarks.
Boston, Massachusetts
Boston, Massachusetts, became the capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1632, making it one of the earliest established capitals. Founded by English Puritans led by John Winthrop, Boston is known for its pivotal role in American history. The city spans around 90 square miles and is home to a population of approximately 675,000 residents. Known for its blend of historic sites and modern urban culture, Boston boasts landmarks like the Freedom Trail and Boston Common. The city’s role in the American Revolution draws visitors from around the world. Today, it stands as a hub of education, culture, and innovation.
Richmond, Virginia
Richmond, Virginia, became the capital of Virginia in 1780 during the American Revolution, replacing Williamsburg for its strategic inland location. Established by English settlers in 1737, it has witnessed significant moments in American history. Richmond covers an area of approximately 63 square miles and is home to around 227,000 residents. Known for its role in both the Revolution and the Civil War, the city brims with historical sites. Its famous Monument Avenue features statues commemorating notable Virginians. Today, Richmond combines its historical charm with a vibrant arts and culinary scene, drawing residents and visitors alike.
Hartford, Connecticut
Hartford became Connecticut’s capital in 1662, securing its status as one of the oldest capitals in the U.S. Originally settled in 1635 by English Puritans led by Thomas Hooker, it quickly grew as a center of trade and politics. The city spans an area of about 18 square miles and is home to a population of roughly 121,000 people. Known for its historic architecture and cultural attractions, Hartford hosts landmarks like the Old State House. The city’s insurance industry roots have earned it the title of “Insurance Capital of the World.” Today, it remains a blend of rich history and modern commerce.
Albany, New York
Albany, New York, became the state capital in 1797, building on a history that dates back to 1614 as a Dutch trading post. Founded by Henry Hudson and early Dutch settlers, Albany has a rich colonial heritage. The city spans around 21 square miles and has a population of roughly 97,000 people. As one of the longest continuously chartered cities in the U.S., it features significant architecture and historic sites. Notable buildings include the New York State Capitol and Empire State Plaza. Today, Albany serves as a vibrant government and cultural center in upstate New York.
Raleigh, North Carolina
Raleigh became North Carolina’s capital in 1792, specifically chosen for its central location within the state. Established in 1792 as a planned city, it was named after Sir Walter Raleigh, the English explorer. Raleigh covers an area of about 147 square miles and is home to a growing population of over 470,000 residents. Known as part of North Carolina’s “Research Triangle,” it blends historical charm with a focus on education and technology. Landmarks like the North Carolina State Capitol highlight its historical roots. Today, Raleigh remains a hub for government, research, and cultural life.
Trenton, New Jersey
Trenton became the capital of New Jersey in 1790, strategically positioned near Philadelphia and New York City. Founded in 1719 by European settlers, it grew as a center of trade and industry. Trenton spans an area of roughly 8 square miles, and it has a population of about 90,000 residents. The city is known for its Revolutionary War history, with the Battle of Trenton marking a turning point in the fight for independence. Historic sites and monuments reflect its significance in American history. Today, Trenton serves as both a political and cultural center for New Jersey.
Dover, Delaware
Dover became Delaware’s capital in 1777, chosen for its central location within the state. Founded in 1683 by William Penn, it was originally laid out as a planned community. Dover covers an area of about 23 square miles and has a current population of approximately 39,000 people. Known for its charming historic district, it features notable sites like the Old State House and Legislative Hall. The city has a rich connection to colonial and Revolutionary War history, with preserved architecture reflecting its past. Today, Dover serves as a political and cultural hub for the state. Its role as Delaware’s government center adds a unique dimension to its historic appeal.
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Harrisburg became the capital of Pennsylvania in 1812, selected for its central location and access to the Susquehanna River. The city was settled in 1719 by John Harris, Sr., a notable trader and ferry operator. Harrisburg spans about 11 square miles and is home to a population of approximately 50,000 residents. Known for its role in the Civil War, the city hosts landmarks such as the Pennsylvania State Capitol and the National Civil War Museum. Its riverside location has made it a key point for trade and transport over centuries. Today, Harrisburg serves as a political, economic, and cultural center for Pennsylvania, blending historic charm with modern amenities.
Columbia, South Carolina
Columbia became South Carolina’s capital in 1786, specifically chosen for its central location within the state. Established as a planned city, it was laid out with wide streets and a thoughtful design for expansion. Columbia covers a large area of approximately 136 square miles, with a population of around 137,000 residents. Known for its Southern hospitality and historical significance, the city hosts landmarks like the South Carolina State House. The city played a pivotal role during the Civil War and continues to be a center of culture and education. Today, Columbia balances its historic sites with a vibrant arts and culinary scene.
Augusta, Maine
Augusta became the capital of Maine in 1832, chosen for its strategic location on the Kennebec River. Originally settled in 1629, the city was later incorporated in 1797, growing from a small trading post. Augusta covers an area of approximately 58 square miles and is home to about 18,000 people. Known for its scenic beauty, the city includes historic sites like the Maine State House and Old Fort Western. Its small size gives it a quaint, community-oriented atmosphere that residents cherish. Today, Augusta serves as a political center, with its rich history woven into everyday life and public spaces.
Concord, New Hampshire
Concord became New Hampshire’s capital in 1808, due to its central location and established infrastructure. Settled in 1725 and originally named “Rumford,” it was later renamed Concord to symbolize harmony after a boundary dispute. The city covers around 67 square miles and has a current population of about 44,000 residents. Known for its historic architecture, Concord features landmarks like the New Hampshire State House, the oldest statehouse in which the legislature still meets in its original chambers. Its location by the Merrimack River made it a key player in early commerce and industry. Today, Concord maintains a mix of political, cultural, and natural attractions.
Montpelier, Vermont
Montpelier became Vermont’s capital in 1805, selected for its central location and growing community. Originally settled in 1787 by Colonel Jacob Davis, it developed as a small yet important center in Vermont. Montpelier spans just about 10 square miles, making it one of the smallest U.S. capitals, with a population of approximately 8,000 residents. Known for its charm and New England architecture, the city includes the Vermont State House, a beautifully preserved structure surrounded by scenic landscapes. As the smallest state capital, Montpelier offers a close-knit community atmosphere. Today, it is both a political center and a cultural gem for Vermont.
This article originally appeared on Rarest.org.
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